First Moves
Vertical Scaling
- Vertical scaling: Default first step; 200 CPU cores and 10gigabit network interfaces are not uncommon.
- Estimate write throughput: Use back-of-the-envelope math before adding write-scaling complexity.
- Find the bottleneck: Confirm disk I/O, CPU, or network bandwidth is the actual limit.
- Avoid premature scaling: If hardware or tuning handles the load, do not add sharding, queues, or batching.
Write-Optimized Engine Choice
Database Tuning
Partitioning
Split Direction
Key Choice
Shard Routing
Bursts
Write Reduction
Batching Layer
Pipeline Aggregation
Fan-Out Reduction
Hot Keys
Split Strategy
Reader Agreement
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